UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Cookies are key-value pairs saved by websites on the client machine to maintain state across visits. They can store session identifiers, language choices and other preferences that enable personalised experiences. Many authentication systems rely on cookies to keep users logged in securely between page loads. Therefore the small files described in the stem are cookies.

Option A:
Option A is correct because web standards explicitly define HTTP cookies as mechanisms for storing stateful information on the client side. Users often manage or delete cookies through browser settings due to privacy concerns.

Option B:
Option B, spam, refers to unsolicited bulk messages, particularly email, and is not a storage mechanism on the user's device.

Option C:
Option C, viruses, are malicious programs that infect systems and replicate themselves; they are not legitimate browser data structures created for convenience.

Option D:
Option D, plug-ins, are additional software modules that extend browser functionality, not tiny data files holding user-specific information.

Statements A, B and C are correct, while D is incorrect. A is true because mass communication typically provides limited scope for immediate, individual feedback. B is true since classroom communication usually involves direct face-to-face interaction between teacher and learners. C is true because classroom settings allow easier adaptation of messages to a specific group’s needs than broad mass communication. D is false because mass communication rarely provides personalised instruction tailored to each learner.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it contains A and B but omits C. Without C, the option fails to mention the greater adaptability of classroom communication to specific learner groups. Thus A and B only does not fully answer the question.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it groups B and C while leaving out A. Excluding A ignores a defining feature of mass communication, namely restricted opportunities for immediate feedback. Therefore B and C only is incomplete.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it combines A, B and C, summarising the key differences between mass and classroom communication in terms of feedback, interaction and personalisation. It also implicitly rejects D, which overstates the personalisation possible in mass media. Consequently, A, B and C only is the correct option.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it treats A, B, C and D as correct, including D’s misleading claim that mass communication always provides personalised instruction. Since D is false, this combination mixes correct and incorrect statements and cannot be accepted.