Formative assessment focuses on monitoring learning during the course and helping students improve before final evaluation. ICT tools like LMS platforms make it easy to schedule periodic quizzes, collect submissions and give quick feedback. Analytics dashboards can show which topics are problematic, allowing targeted remedial teaching. Thus, the example of regular online assessments with feedback aligns closely with the formative purpose.
Option A:
A single final exam is a summative assessment and does not provide ongoing guidance during the learning process. The long delay in declaring results further reduces its usefulness as feedback.
Option B:
Uploading only slides gives access to content but does not check understanding or provide performance-related feedback. Without tasks and responses, assessment is missing.
Option C:
This option correctly combines frequent assessment opportunities with responsive feedback. Students can track their own progress, and teachers can adjust teaching strategies based on LMS data.
Option D:
Administrative circulars may inform students about dates or rules but are not part of the assessment process. They do not measure or support learning outcomes directly.
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