UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Nyāya differentiates between svārthānumāna, inference for oneself, and parārthānumāna, inference stated for the benefit of others. Parārthānumāna is typically presented in the full five membered form, making each step explicit to the listener. Its purpose is communicative and instructional: to lead another person from accepted premises to a conclusion through transparent reasoning.

Option A:
Option A describes svārthānumāna, the inner inferential process that need not be linguistically articulated.

Option B:
Option B rightly identifies parārthānumāna as outwardly expressed inference aimed at persuading or teaching someone else.

Option C:
Option C confuses the issue with scriptural evidence; dependence on scripture concerns śabda rather than the distinction between self addressed and other addressed inference.

Option D:
Option D associates parārthānumāna with a special class of objects, whereas the term is defined by its audience and function, not by subject matter.