UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Viruddha hetu is one whose logical implication contradicts the sadhya instead of supporting it. In such cases, accepting the reason forces one to accept the negation of the intended conclusion. This represents a deep internal conflict in the argument since the chosen ground undermines the thesis. Hence the fallacy described in the stem is viruddha hetvabhasa.

Option A:
Option A is correct because viruddha literally means "opposed" and signals that the reason stands in opposition to the desired conclusion. Nyaya treats this as a serious defect because it reverses the direction of support.

Option B:
Option B, savyabhicara, is a case of irregular association where the reason sometimes accompanies the sadhya and sometimes does not, but it does not necessarily entail the opposite of the conclusion.

Option C:
Option C, badhita, involves a reason whose vyapti is defeated by stronger evidence, not one that itself points to the contradictory property.

Option D:
Option D, satpratipaksha, concerns the presence of an equally strong counter-reason on the other side rather than the inherent tendency of the given reason to prove the opposite.