UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Viruddha hetu is one whose logical implication contradicts the very claim it is supposed to support. When such a reason is accepted, it compels assent to the opposite of the intended conclusion. This makes the argument self-defeating, as the chosen ground undermines rather than upholds the thesis. Nyaya treats viruddha as a serious and obvious fallacy.

Option A:
Option A, asiddha, highlights the absence of the hetu in the paksha and does not involve proving the contrary property. It is a defect of non-establishment, not of contradiction.

Option B:
Option B is correct because viruddha literally means "opposed" and is reserved for reasons that logically favour the negation of the sadhya. It captures the idea of a middle term pulling the argument in the reverse direction.

Option C:
Option C, badhita, arises when a supposed vyapti is overruled by a stronger pramana, not when the hetu itself points to the opposite conclusion.

Option D:
Option D, satpratipaksha, refers to the presence of an equally strong counter-reason on the other side, rather than to the internal contrariety of a single hetu.