UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and E are correct as they deal with losses, augmentation, demand management and justice dimensions of urban water. Leakage and non-revenue water weaken systems, urban rainwater harvesting can supplement supplies, managing demand reduces stress and equitable access is central to justice. C is wrong because wetlands and lakes help store water and mitigate floods, and F is wrong since integrated management explicitly considers linkages between different parts of the urban water cycle. Hence, A, B, D and E only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it omits E and thereby fails to reflect the equity aspect of urban water management. Without E, the answer focuses only on technical measures and leaves out social justice concerns.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes C, which dismisses the role of wetlands and lakes in mitigation and recharge. Accepting C contradicts hydrological understanding and urban planning practice.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it groups B, D, E and F and incorrectly accepts F, which claims integrated management ignores system interactions. By definition, integrated approaches do the opposite, so this option is conceptually flawed.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it brings together all the true statements and excludes the two false ones about wetlands and integration. It captures technical, environmental and equity aspects of urban water issues.