UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Non conventional energy sources are those that differ from traditional fossil based sources and are often renewable. Solar,wind,geothermal and tidal energy fall in this category. These sources are promoted to reduce dependence on coal,oil and gas and to lower environmental impacts. Hence the description in the question clearly refers to non conventional energy.

Option A:
Conventional energy typically denotes traditional sources such as coal,oil,natural gas and large hydro. These have long been used and are often associated with high environmental costs. Therefore conventional is the opposite of what is described in the stem.

Option B:
Thermal energy refers to heat energy and can be produced by burning fossil fuels,using nuclear reactions or harnessing solar power. The term by itself does not indicate an alternative or renewable source. Thus it does not specifically match the idea in the question.

Option C:
Non conventional energy emphasises newer and often renewable sources that can substitute for fossil fuels. Because the stem lists solar,wind and geothermal as examples,this category is the most accurate. It captures both the alternative and low carbon nature of these sources.

Option D:
Nuclear energy is a large scale energy source based on nuclear fission. While it is sometimes considered an alternative to fossil fuels,it is usually not grouped with non conventional renewables like wind and solar in this context. Therefore it is not the best answer here.

Non-conventional energy sources are those that are relatively new, renewable and environmentally friendly compared with conventional fossil fuels. Solar photovoltaic power converts sunlight directly into electricity without combustion. It relies on an abundant, renewable resource and has low operational emissions. In India’s energy planning, solar PV is a key non-conventional source, making option B the correct choice.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because coal-based thermal power is a conventional energy source. It has been used for many decades and is associated with significant air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

Option B:
Option B is correct since solar PV fits the criteria of renewable and non-conventional energy. Its expansion is central to meeting sustainable development and climate commitments.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as diesel generators run on petroleum, a conventional fossil fuel. They are typically used as backup and emit considerable pollutants.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because natural gas, though cleaner than coal, is still a fossil fuel. Combined cycle plants improve efficiency but remain conventional in terms of resource type.