UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D, E and F express the goals and mechanisms of e-governance, while C is too absolute. Portals and grievance systems support online access, while digital payments and multi-channel delivery increase convenience and inclusivity. Publishing clear information enhances transparency and can reduce opportunities for informal payments. Offline and assisted modes are often maintained to support those without Internet access, so C must be excluded.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it covers online services, complaint systems, payments, multi-channel arrangements and transparency in one coherent combination. It rejects the idea that e-governance automatically excludes citizens without connectivity, reflecting inclusive design principles.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits F, thus failing to mention the transparency gains from publishing procedures and status details. A, B, D and E are true, but leaving out F underplays the anti-corruption potential of e-governance.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it leaves out A and adds C. Excluding A ignores a central function of portals, and accepting C would mean endorsing complete exclusion of offline users, which is not a recommended practice.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B and includes only A, D, E and F. Without B, there is no reference to electronic grievance handling, which is a key e-governance service area, so the set is incomplete.