UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Ecosystem services is the standard term used to describe the diverse benefits humans derive from nature,including provisioning,regulating,cultural and supporting services. The stem lists specific examples like climate regulation and water purification,which fall into these categories. Therefore services is the correct word to complete the phrase ecosystem services. Option D is correct.

Option A:
Stocks refer to quantities of natural capital/resources; they do not directly mean the benefits and functions listed in the stem.

Option B:
Goods usually mean tangible products (timber,fish) and do not fully cover regulating functions like climate regulation and pollination.

Option C:
Flows describe movements of energy/materials; “ecosystem flows” is not the standard umbrella term for human benefits.

Option D:
Services is the accepted term for ecosystem-provided benefits like regulation, purification and pollination,matching the stem.