UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

A discount of 10% on a marked price of ₹500 means that the reduction is 10% of 500. Ten percent of 500 is (10 ÷ 100) × 500 = 50. Subtracting this discount from the marked price gives a selling price of 500 − 50 = ₹450. Thus, the buyer pays ₹450 after the discount is applied.

Option A:
Option A, ₹450, follows directly from the definition of a 10% discount by subtracting ₹50 from the marked price. It respects both the percentage calculation and the link between discount and final selling price, giving a numerically consistent result.

Option B:
Option B, ₹400, would correspond to a discount of ₹100, which is 20% of 500 rather than 10%. This doubles the intended reduction and does not match the conditions given in the question.

Option C:
Option C, ₹480, would represent a discount of only ₹20, which is 4% of 500 and therefore too small compared to the required 10%. It underestimates the discount rate.

Option D:
Option D, ₹460, corresponds to a discount of ₹40, or 8%, which again does not equal the specified discount rate of 10% on the marked price.

The marked price is ₹1,000 and a discount of 20% means the shopkeeper pays 80% of 1,000, which is ₹800. This ₹800 is the cost price. He sells at 10% above the marked price, so the selling price becomes 1,000 × 1.10 = ₹1,100. The profit is 1,100 − 800 = ₹300. The profit percentage is (300 ÷ 800) × 100 = 37.5%. Thus, his profit on the cost price is 37.5%, corresponding to Option A.

Option A:
Option A, 37.5%, corresponds exactly to (300 ÷ 800) × 100. It reflects the correct gain relative to the cost price and matches the computed fraction 3/8.

Option B:
Option B, 40%, would imply a profit of 320 on a cost of 800, which would require a selling price of 1,120, not 1,100, and thus does not fit the given data.

Option C:
Option C, 42.5%, is larger than the true computed profit percentage and would require an even higher selling price than 1,120. It overstates the profit.

Option D:
Option D, 50%, corresponds to a profit of half the cost price, i.e., 400 on 800, which again is inconsistent with a selling price of 1,100.

Statement A correctly defines profit when the selling price is higher than the cost price. Statement C is also correct, as profit percent in standard questions is taken on cost price unless the question says otherwise. Statement D is a direct application: 20% of 100 is 20, so the selling price becomes 120. Statement B is false because discount is subtracted from the marked price, not added, and E is false since loss happens when cost price exceeds selling price. Therefore, A, C and D only are correct, as in option D.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits D, which concretely applies the profit percentage idea, and so does not give a full set of correct statements for exam-oriented understanding.

Option B:
Option B is wrong because it adds E, which reverses the condition for loss, and therefore contains at least one false statement. Even though A and C are true, the presence of E invalidates the combination.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it contains only C and D and omits A, leaving out the basic definition of profit that anchors the other statements and making the set of correct facts incomplete.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it collects the conceptual definition of profit, the rule for profit percentage and a worked numerical illustration, while excluding the wrong descriptions of discount and loss conditions.

Discount is the reduction given on the marked price, so here the discount amount is 2000 − 1800 = ₹200. The discount percentage is calculated as (Discount ÷ Marked price) × 100, giving (200 ÷ 2000) × 100 = 10%. Therefore, the discount offered on the article is 10%.

Option A:
An 8% discount on ₹2000 would be 0.08 × 2000 = ₹160, leading to a selling price of ₹1840, which does not match the given price of ₹1800. Since the actual discount is larger, 8% underestimates the reduction. Thus, this option is incorrect.

Option B:
A 10% discount exactly matches a reduction of ₹200 from ₹2000, which produces the stated selling price of ₹1800. The computation is straightforward, confirming that the discount percentage is 10%. Hence, option B is the correct choice.

Option C:
A 12% discount would be 0.12 × 2000 = ₹240, giving a selling price of ₹1760, which is lower than what is mentioned. This overestimates the discount and therefore cannot be accurate for the given data.

Option D:
A 15% discount implies 0.15 × 2000 = ₹300, resulting in a selling price of ₹1700. This is even further from the actual selling price. Therefore, 15% is clearly not the correct discount percentage in this case.