UGCNET Questions

A URL begins with a protocol specification that tells the browser how to communicate with the server (e.g., http, https, ftp). In the given example, “https” indicates Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure.

Option A:
This part is the domain name, which identifies the server/website, not the communication protocol.

Option B:
This option correctly points to “https” as the protocol component at the start of the URL.

Option C:
“/result” is the path to a specific resource on the server, not the protocol.

Option D:
“.ac.in” is part of the domain structure indicating an academic institution in India, but it does not specify the protocol.

The Internet provides the underlying infrastructure of interconnected networks that transport data using standard protocols. The Web is an application layer that leverages this infrastructure to deliver hyperlinked pages using HTTP or HTTPS. Users often access the Web through browsers but may use the Internet for other services like email and file transfer. This statement correctly captures their relationship.

Option A:
This option aligns with standard definitions and helps students avoid the common confusion between physical connectivity and specific services. It clarifies that the Web is just one of several services available over the Internet.

Option B:
Treating the two terms as identical hides important conceptual distinctions about layers and services. It may cause misunderstandings when discussing other Internet services beyond the Web.

Option C:
Restricting the Internet to email and the Web to video calls is arbitrary and incorrect. Both can support a wide range of applications depending on protocols and software.

Option D:
Identifying the Web as hardware and the Internet as printed documents reverses reality. Both concepts relate to digital networks and services rather than physical devices or paper manuals.

Browsers like Chrome, Firefox or Edge are installed on devices to render web content using protocols such as HTTP and HTTPS. Search engines such as Google or Bing run as services on the web that maintain huge indexes of websites and return results based on user queries. Users first open a browser and then visit a search engine site to locate information. This option therefore correctly captures their complementary but distinct roles.

Option A:
This option wrongly states that the two are exactly the same, ignoring their different technical functions. Confusing them can lead to misunderstanding of how web navigation actually works. From an ICT literacy perspective, differentiating them is essential.

Option B:
This option misclassifies the browser as a website and the search engine as a physical device, both of which are false. Search engines are implemented as software running on servers, not as standalone hardware gadgets. Hence, the description is technically incorrect.

Option C:
This option assigns very narrow and inaccurate tasks to browsers and search engines. Browsers are used for a wide range of online activities, not just email. Search engines help locate information of many types and do not specialise in online games. Thus, the option is misleading.

Option D:

Domain names such as “jrfnet.com” are human-friendly labels, while IP addresses are numerical identifiers used by routers and hosts. The Domain Name System (DNS) maps each domain name to its corresponding IP address so that when users type the name, the network can route packets to the correct server.

Option A:
This option correctly explains that DNS translates readable domain names into numerical IP addresses. Users work with names, but machines rely on the mapped IP numbers for routing packets on the Internet.

Option B:
This statement is false because domain names and IP addresses have different formats and purposes. A domain like “jrfnet.com” is not the same string as its numeric address, and the two are not interchangeable.

Option C:
Domain names are specifically designed to identify online resources such as websites, mail servers and other services. They are not labels for offline printed books, so this option misunderstands their role.

Option D:
IP addresses are stored in devices and routing tables and are actively used in communication. They are not just written on paper, so claiming they exist only on paper is incorrect.