UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and D accurately describe contemporary internationalisation practices. Exchange programmes and joint offerings are typical strategies, and mobility exposes students to different academic cultures. Virtual mobility through online collaborative courses now supplements physical exchanges. Statements C, E and F are incorrect because internationalisation does not require abandoning national priorities, does not exclude local students from benefits and often involves recognition of approved credits from partner institutions.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it includes C, which falsely claims that internationalisation requires abandonment of national priorities and exclusive use of foreign curricula, contradicting the idea of integrating global and local perspectives.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because, although B and D are true, it leaves out A, thereby not clearly stating that student and faculty exchanges and joint programmes are central tools of internationalisation.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it mixes A, B and D with C, so it wrongly implies that abandoning national priorities is part of internationalisation.

Option D:
Option D is correct since it combines A, B and D, the true statements on exchanges, learning environments and virtual mobility, while excluding C, E and F, which misrepresent who benefits and how credits are recognised.

NEP 2020 supports calibrated internationalisation by facilitating top global universities to establish campuses in India under regulation and by encouraging Indian HEIs to build international collaborations and exchanges.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because the policy promotes carefully regulated foreign collaborations rather than prohibiting them.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it summarises the twin strategy of inviting reputed foreign universities and encouraging Indian HEIs to engage in global partnerships and mobility.

Option C:
Option C is wrong since NEP does not force Indian students to study abroad; instead, it aims to make India an attractive global study destination.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because replacing Indian languages with foreign languages goes against NEP’s strong support for multilingualism and cultural rootedness.

The movement of students across borders to study in other institutions or countries is called student mobility. The stem describes both incoming and outgoing flows of students, which is the core idea captured by “mobility.”

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because “immobility” means lack of movement, contradicting the cross-border flows mentioned.

Option B:
Option B is correct as mobility precisely denotes the dynamic exchange of students between countries and institutions in the context of internationalisation.

Option C:
Option C is wrong since “isolation” suggests cutting off from international contact, not actively sending and receiving students.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because “stagnation” implies no change or movement, again the opposite of the global circulation of students described in the question.

When universities jointly design programmes, exchange students and faculty, and carry out shared research, they are engaging in academic collaboration. The cooperative and mutually beneficial nature of these activities matches the description in the stem, so “collaboration” is the correct word.

Option A:
Option A is correct because academic collaboration is the standard term for partnerships that involve joint degrees, exchange schemes and research projects between institutions.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as “isolation” implies avoiding contact and cooperation, which is the opposite of what the stem describes.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because “unilateralism” refers to one-sided actions without mutual agreement, not jointly negotiated academic partnerships.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect since “protectionism” focuses on shielding domestic sectors from external competition and does not capture cooperative cross-border academic work.

Internationalisation of higher education refers to the process of integrating an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose, functions and delivery of post-secondary education. It includes activities such as student and staff exchanges, joint degree programmes and overseas campuses. The stem lists student and faculty mobility, cross-border collaborations and overseas campuses, all of which are key forms of internationalisation. Thus, Option C is the correct completion.

Option A:
Internationalisation helps institutions benchmark quality globally, attracts diverse talent and exposes students to cross-cultural perspectives. These outcomes align closely with the phenomena described in the question.

Option B:
Localisation focuses on adapting content or practices to local contexts and cultures, which is almost the opposite direction of cross-border engagement. It does not capture the outward-looking dimension highlighted in the stem.

Option C:
Indigenisation refers to incorporating indigenous knowledge and perspectives, often to counter excessive foreign influence. While important, it is distinct from the global outreach implied by mobility and overseas campuses.

Option D:
Informalisation would suggest increasing informality or lack of structure, which is not central to global collaboration in higher education. Thus, this option does not fit the context.

Agreements for student and faculty exchange represent cooperative ventures between institutions and are a key form of academic collaboration. They involve joint planning and mutual benefit, so “collaboration” best describes the activity mentioned in the stem.

Option A:
Option A is correct because academic collaboration covers exchanges, joint research, co-taught programmes and shared resources, all of which are typical elements of such international partnerships.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as “isolation” implies cutting off contact with others, the opposite of engaging with overseas universities.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because “protectionism” refers to shielding domestic sectors from external competition and does not describe cooperative academic exchange.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect since “autarky” means striving for complete self-sufficiency and avoiding external dependence, which conflicts with the idea of cross-border collaboration.