UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

The UNFCCC sets the broad goal for international efforts to address climate change. Its objective is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that avoids dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. This implies achieving a balance where emissions and removals are compatible with environmental and socio-economic resilience. Therefore, the statement about stabilisation at a non-dangerous level correctly reflects the convention’s primary aim.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because the convention does not demand complete elimination of fossil fuels within a short time frame. Instead, it calls for gradual, cooperative efforts to limit and reduce emissions.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it summarises the key wording of the convention’s objective. It highlights both the need to control atmospheric concentrations and the idea of preventing dangerous, rather than all, human influences on climate.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since immediate equal per capita emissions are not mandated. While equity is an important principle, operational commitments vary by country and evolve over time.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because the UNFCCC does not explicitly ban trade in oil and coal. It focuses on emission control, adaptation and financial support mechanisms rather than on direct trade prohibitions.

The Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in 2015 under the UN 2030 Agenda, comprise 17 goals and 169 targets. They cover a wide spectrum of issues including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, energy, decent work, reduced inequalities, climate action, life below water and life on land, among others. The SDGs are universal, applying to all countries, and they integrate economic, social and environmental dimensions of development. Hence, option D accurately summarises their nature and scope.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it confuses SDGs with the earlier Millennium Development Goals, which were 8 in number. SDGs are 17 and much broader in thematic coverage.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as SDGs are meant to be universal, applying to both developed and developing countries. All nations are expected to work toward the goals, not just aid-receiving countries.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because several SDGs explicitly address environment and climate, such as Goal 13 (Climate Action), Goal 14 (Life Below Water) and Goal 15 (Life on Land). Environmental sustainability is central to the SDG framework.

Option D:
Option D is correct since it states that there are 17 SDGs, that they are universal and that they integrate economic, social and environmental aspects. This captures the holistic and inclusive character of the SDG agenda.