UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A and C are correct: environmental laws set binding rules for control and conservation, and public interest litigation or citizen suits can help enforce these norms. Statements B and D are incorrect because enforcement also relies on capacity, monitoring and institutions, and transparency plus information access are vital for accountability. Hence, the combination A and C only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete since it omits C, which adds the important role of citizens and judiciary in upholding environmental laws. Without C, the enforcement dimension is underplayed.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it accepts B, implying penalties alone are sufficient without institutional capacity. This contradicts empirical experience where weak institutions undermine enforcement despite strong penalties.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it chooses the two statements that reflect both the legal framework and participatory enforcement tools, while excluding statements that ignore capacity and transparency.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it includes D, which wrongly claims information is irrelevant to enforcement, even though disclosure is central to many environmental regimes.