UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements D and F are wrong because they deny the central role of ethics and rights in environmental decisions. D ignores that many environmental choices involve moral judgments beyond simple economic calculations. F is incorrect because rights-based conservation approaches show that recognising marginalised groups’ rights can support long-term stewardship. Statements A, B, C and E correctly explain equity notions, justice concerns and indigenous ethical perspectives. Hence, the wrong statements together are D and F only.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it picks exactly D and F, the two statements that conflict with contemporary thinking on environmental ethics and justice. It implicitly validates A, B, C and E as accurate descriptions of key ethical ideas used in policy debates and activism.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it singles out only D as wrong and overlooks F, which also seriously misrepresents the relationship between rights and conservation. By failing to include F, it underestimates the importance of rights-based approaches.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it treats only F as wrong and ignores D. While F is indeed incorrect, D is equally problematic in suggesting ethics have no place in decision-making, so this option does not fully respond to the question.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it groups C, D and F as wrong, even though C correctly characterises the focus of environmental justice. Including C among wrong statements contradicts the accepted definition of that concept.