UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statement D is the only wrong statement because cybercrimes can and often do occur over networks without any physical theft of computers. Hacking, identity theft and phishing frequently exploit vulnerabilities and human behaviour online. Statements A, B and C correctly describe common types of cybercrime. Therefore, the option that selects only D as wrong is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it lists A and D as wrong statements. Statement A is true, as hacking does involve unauthorised access to systems or networks. Including this correct definition in the wrong set undermines the accuracy of the option.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it groups C and D as wrong statements. While D is wrong, C correctly explains that phishing tricks users into disclosing sensitive information. Mixing a true statement with a false one disqualifies the combination.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it combines A, B and D as wrong statements. Statements A and B are accurate descriptions of hacking and identity theft and should not be treated as wrong. Only D is incorrect, so this option misclassifies important concepts.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it isolates D as the sole wrong statement. It acknowledges that cybercrimes can occur entirely online and are not limited to physical theft of devices. Recognising A, B and C as correct descriptions of cybercrime types makes this option consistent with ICT security understanding.

Spam refers to unwanted bulk messages, typically advertising or deceptive content, sent without the recipient’s consent. They clutter inboxes and may pose security risks through malicious links. ICT policies and filters aim to reduce spam. Thus, the emails described are known as spam.

Option A:
Option A is correct because spam is the standard label for unsolicited bulk email traffic.

Option B:
Option B, cache, is temporary storage used to speed up access and has nothing to do with email messages.

Option C:
Option C, cookie, is a small piece of data stored by websites in browsers to remember user information, not a mass email.

Option D:
Option D, archive, refers to storing messages for long term reference, not to unwanted incoming messages.