UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and D are correct because they describe the standard classification of ecosystem services and give examples of regulating and cultural services. Provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services are recognised in major assessments, and pollination and climate regulation are key regulating services. Recreation and spiritual values are central cultural services. Statement C is incorrect since the concept explicitly links ecosystem functioning to human well-being. Thus, A, B and D together form the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it includes only A and B and omits D. Without cultural services, the answer fails to capture the full range of acknowledged ecosystem service categories.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it groups all accurate statements and excludes C, which wrongly claims that human well-being is ignored. This reflects the accepted framework used in environmental economics and ecology.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it accepts C along with B and D. Including C undermines the purpose of the ecosystem services framework, which is precisely to highlight human dependence on ecosystems.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it combines A with C and D and treats C as true. Although A and D are correct, the presence of C makes the overall combination conceptually wrong.

Statements A, B, D and E are correct because they capture the core definition and policy tools of a green economy. It links well-being and equity with reduced environmental risks, uses investments in low-carbon and efficient sectors, employs fiscal reforms and supports SMEs and innovation. Statement C is false because employment and decent work are central to just transition debates, and F is false because green economy strategies are explicitly related to SDGs on energy, industry, consumption and more. Thus, the correct combination is A, B, D and E only.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it leaves out D and E, thereby ignoring crucial instruments and actors in green transitions. It focuses only on goals and investment directions without mentioning supportive fiscal and enterprise policies.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it groups all the true statements and excludes C and F, which marginalise employment and SDG linkages. It presents a balanced view of green economy as both environmental and socio-economic in orientation.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it includes F and omits A. Accepting F would sever the clearly stated connections between green economy and SDGs, while leaving out A removes the foundational definition relating well-being and equity.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it again includes F and omits B. This removes the important role of renewable energy and sustainable transport from the picture while retaining a false claim about SDG disconnection.