UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Nyāya holds that anumiti (inferential cognition) arises when the mind apprehends the hetu in the pakṣa under the remembered vyāpti with the sādhya. This focused relational awareness is called liṅga parāmarśa. It is the immediate internal cause of inferential knowledge: only when the middle term is seen as pervaded by the major term in that particular subject does the inferential conclusion arise.

Option A:
Option A refers to nigamana, the expressed conclusion in parārthānumāna, which is a verbal product, not the inner causal cognition.

Option B:
Option B correctly characterises liṅga parāmarśa as the mental grasp of the middle term in the pakṣa along with its universal relation to the sādhya, which directly produces anumiti.

Option C:
Option C describes udāharaṇa, the illustrative example (like “a kitchen where there is smoke and fire”) used to communicate vyāpti, not the specific mental act in the pakṣa.

Option D:
Option D is merely the initial perception of the subject and does not yet relate the hetu to the sādhya through vyāpti, so it cannot by itself generate inference.