UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements C and F are wrong, while A, B, D and E are correct. Disaster risk is shaped by hazard, exposure and vulnerability, so focusing only on hazard magnitude ignores why some people are more affected. Disasters are not purely natural; human decisions about where and how to build strongly influence impacts. The other statements correctly highlight how bad development creates risk, how disasters erode development gains, how investment in resilience helps, and how inequality shapes impacts. Thus, the wrong statements together are C and F.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it identifies only C as wrong and ignores F, which also misrepresents disasters as purely natural. As a result, it fails to list all the incorrect statements required.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since it includes D as wrong along with C, even though D correctly states that investing in risk reduction protects development investments. Misclassifying D undermines current thinking in disaster risk reduction.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it treats E as wrong in addition to C and F. Statement E is correct in noting that social inequality affects who suffers most, so grouping it with wrong statements makes the option invalid.

Option D:
Option D is correct as it selects exactly C and F, both of which deny key elements of risk creation and responsibility. It aligns with the understanding that disasters are shaped by social conditions, not just by natural hazards.

Statements A, B, C and E are correct as they summarise the pillars of the Sendai Framework, the need for integration into development, local participation and ecosystem-based measures. Statement D is false because early warning without preparedness, capacity or structural measures cannot eliminate risk. Statement F is false since risk depends on the interaction of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Therefore, the correct combination is A, B, C and E only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits E and thus ignores ecosystem-based approaches like mangrove belts, which are now widely recognised in disaster risk reduction strategies.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it includes F, which wrongly states that exposure and vulnerability are irrelevant, contradicting the standard risk formula.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it excludes A and therefore does not mention the global Sendai Framework, which is an important reference for policy.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it includes the core elements of contemporary DRR thinking and rejects statements that overstate the sufficiency of warnings or treat hazards as the only determinant of risk.

Statements A, B and D are correct: risk is seen as hazard–exposure–vulnerability, the Sendai Framework stresses prevention and resilience, and integrating DRR into development planning reduces future losses. Statement C is incorrect because non-structural measures like education, land-use planning and early warning are crucial complements to structural measures. Therefore, the option that includes A, B and D and excludes C is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it omits D, which correctly notes the importance of integrating DRR into development planning. Without D, the answer does not fully capture contemporary DRR practice.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since it includes C along with A and B, treating structural measures as sufficient and dismissing non-structural measures. This contradicts modern DRR frameworks.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because, while A and D are true, it omits B which highlights the Sendai Framework, a key part of the syllabus. The set of correct statements is therefore not complete.

Option D:
Option D is correct as it groups all three true statements and excludes the false one. It presents a holistic understanding of disaster risk reduction, combining conceptual, institutional and policy aspects.

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct because they define risk components, show how development choices increase risk, stress DRR measures and recognise build back better. Statement E is wrong because disasters are shaped by vulnerability and exposure linked to development.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it omits D.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits C.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it includes A, B, C, D and F and excludes E.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes E (false).