UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and D are correct as they reflect established public health knowledge about contaminated water, vulnerability of children and benefits of integrated WASH programmes. Statement C is incorrect because handwashing with soap at critical times is one of the most effective measures to prevent diarrhoeal and related diseases. Therefore, the combination A, B and D only is the correct answer.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it excludes D, which correctly emphasises the value of integrated WASH interventions. Without D, the answer does not show how combined strategies reduce disease burden.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since it includes C, which wrongly downplays the effectiveness of handwashing. Including this false statement makes the combination unacceptable.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it groups B, C and D and accepts C as true. While B and D are correct, C is not, so the option mixes true and false statements.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it recognises that unsafe water and sanitation particularly harm children and that integrated WASH programmes can substantially lower disease. It also correctly rejects statement C.

Statements A, B, C and E are correct because adequate toilets, clean water, handwashing and participatory clubs all support better health and learning outcomes. Statement D is false as school conditions clearly affect health, nutrition and ability to study. Statement F is false since poor waste management can attract vectors, create odour and contaminate the environment around schools. Hence, the combination A, B, C and E only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it omits E and so ignores the important role of student-led initiatives and peer learning in sustaining hygiene and environmental practices.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it includes all true statements (A, B, C, E) and excludes D and F, which wrongly deny the importance of school environment and waste management for health.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it omits A and underplays the gendered impact of toilet facilities on attendance, especially for adolescent girls.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes D, which is false (school environments do affect health and learning), so the combination cannot be correct.

Statements A, B, D and E are correct as they describe contamination pathways, the importance of safe sludge and wastewater management, the effectiveness of handwashing and the role of school facilities, especially for girls. Statement C is wrong because toilets without use, cleaning and maintenance do not remove disease risks, and F is wrong since poor solid waste management contributes to vector breeding and environmental contamination. Therefore, the correct combination includes A, B, D and E and excludes C and F.

Option A:
Option A is correct since it brings together all key links between sanitation, health and education outcomes, while leaving out statements that oversimplify solutions or deny environmental health connections. It reflects the integrated WASH perspective promoted in this unit.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits E and fails to recognise how school facilities affect attendance and dignity. Without E, the answer underplays the gendered and educational dimensions of sanitation.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it includes C, which wrongly claims that infrastructure alone guarantees disease elimination. Including C ignores the importance of behaviour change, operations and maintenance for sustained health gains.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it accepts F, which denies links between solid waste and environmental health, and excludes A. This combination both removes a fundamental contamination pathway and accepts a false statement.