UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

The report highlights that despite rapid renewable capacity growth, transmission constraints and unresolved power purchase agreements have left some federal projects with unsold power. This shows that hardware alone is not enough; grid expansion, market design and regulatory reforms are equally important. Without such enabling conditions, renewable energy cannot fully displace fossil generation or improve access for consumers. Sustainable development therefore requires integrated planning of infrastructure, institutions and investments.

Option A:
This option is incorrect because capacity additions can fail to deliver benefits if power cannot be evacuated or sold. Socially just access depends on more than installed megawatts.

Option B:
This option is wrong since state-level initiatives can complement federal projects; the issue is coordination and infrastructure, not an argument against state-led clean energy.

Option C:
The difficulties described in the report do not imply that clean energy harms development. Rather, they point to the need for better planning so that renewables support growth and equity.

Option D:
This option correctly captures the lesson that policies, institutions and physical infrastructure must keep pace with capacity growth. It emphasises that only then can renewable energy contribute effectively to people’s welfare and environmental goals.