UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct: solid fuels and poor ventilation raise indoor pollutants; exposure increases respiratory risks especially for women/children; cleaner fuels/improved stoves reduce exposure; and additional sources include materials, tobacco and chemicals. Statement E is false because exposure is strongly shaped by time spent indoors and gendered household roles. Hence, the correct combination is A, B, C, D and F only.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all true statements and excludes only E, which wrongly denies the importance of time use and gender roles in exposure.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits F, thereby ignoring important indoor sources like building materials, tobacco smoke and household chemicals.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes E (false) and also omits A, missing the key role of solid fuels in indoor smoke generation.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B, underplaying the critical role of ventilation in determining indoor concentrations.

Statements A, B and D are correct and highlight the links between women’s education, fertility decline and better environmental management when women participate in decision-making. Statement C is incorrect because women’s empowerment is widely recognised as central to sustainable development and environmental governance. Hence, the combination that includes A, B and D and excludes C is the correct answer.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because, although A and B are true, it omits D which correctly points to the positive role of women in community resource management. Without D, the view of women’s contribution to sustainability is incomplete.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it selects only B and D and leaves out A. While B and D are correct, A is also true in emphasising environment-friendly practices at the household level. Excluding A means the full picture of empowerment effects is not presented.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it groups all three true statements and rejects the false claim in C. It reflects the multi-layered importance of women’s empowerment for demographic, social and environmental outcomes.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect since it includes C, which wrongly denies the connection between empowerment and sustainable development. Mixing a false statement with true ones makes the option invalid.

Statements A, B, D and E are correct as they reflect recognised gender-differentiated roles, risks and contributions in environment and development. Different responsibilities shape how women and men access and manage resources, and gender-blind policies can worsen inequality. Clean energy can ease women’s workload and health risks, and gender analysis improves project outcomes. Statements C and F are false because women’s knowledge is crucial for resource management and gender is an important dimension in climate adaptation planning.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it omits E, ignoring how explicit gender analysis can make projects more equitable and effective. It therefore presents only a partial picture of gender–environment linkages.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes F, which wrongly claims that gender has no place in adaptation planning. Many adaptation frameworks explicitly address gendered vulnerabilities and capacities, so accepting F is inconsistent with practice.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it also accepts F and omits A. By leaving out A, it ignores differentiated roles, while including F denies the need for gender-responsive adaptation. This combination therefore mixes correct and incorrect elements.

Option D:
Option D is correct as it collects all four true statements while excluding C and F, which undervalue women’s contributions and the importance of gender in planning. It matches the integrated approach to gender, environment and development in the unit.

Statements A, B, C and E are correct on gendered roles, policy impacts, clean cooking benefits and participation. Statement D is wrong because gender analysis is crucial in adaptation. Statement F is wrong as environmental stress can aggravate gender-based violence. Therefore A, B, C and E only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it includes D (false).

Option B:
Option B is correct because it includes A, B, C and E and excludes D and F.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it includes F (false) and omits A.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes F (false) and omits B.