UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statement B is the only wrong statement because coercive measures such as forced sterilisation contradict the principles of human rights and voluntary, informed choice that underlie rights-based population policies. Statements A, C, D, E and F are correct: they describe voluntary approaches, the role of services, education’s influence on fertility, the importance of gender equality and the benefits of integrating reproductive health with broader programmes. Therefore, the correct answer is the option that identifies B alone as wrong.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it isolates B as the single statement that conflicts with contemporary human rights frameworks while treating all the other statements as accurate reflections of rights-based population and reproductive health policies. It aligns with international agreements that emphasise voluntarism and autonomy.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it groups C with B, even though C correctly states that reproductive health services influence fertility and maternal health. Including C as wrong would deny strong evidence about service access and demographic outcomes.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it treats A and C as wrong along with B. Statements A and C are central to rights-based approaches and service-oriented population policy, so this combination misclassifies two correct statements.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it adds D and E to B as wrong statements. In reality, D and E accurately highlight the roles of girls’ education and gender equality, so grouping them with a coercive approach is conceptually inconsistent.

Statements A, B and D are correct: energy poverty is about lack of modern services, it constrains opportunities across sectors, and decentralised renewables can increase access in remote areas. Statement C is incorrect because access to clean energy, especially for cooking, is closely linked to reducing drudgery and health burdens on women, thereby influencing gender equality. Thus, the combination A, B and D only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it excludes D, which identifies decentralised renewables as a key strategy to tackle energy poverty in remote locations. Without D, the policy response dimension is underrepresented.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it includes C, wrongly claiming that energy access has no connection to gender equality. Including C contradicts evidence on gendered energy burdens.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it groups B, C and D and treats C as true, despite its clear inconsistency with gender and development analysis.

Option D:
Option D is correct since it recognises the definitional, developmental and policy aspects of energy poverty while excluding the misleading statement C.