UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Pararthanumana is inference presented for the benefit of another, typically in debate or teaching. It lays out each avayava, from pratijna to nigamana, so that the listener can clearly follow the reasoning. Nyaya stresses this form to ensure transparency and communicability of arguments. Therefore the inferential mode described in the stem is pararthanumana.

Option A:
Option A is correct because pararthanumana literally means "inference for another" and is defined by Nyaya as the public, discursive version of inference. It differs in purpose and presentation from merely private reasoning.

Option B:
Option B, svarthanumana, is inference for oneself where the mind need not spell out every limb, since the thinker already grasps the connections. It does not necessarily employ the full five-part format.

Option C:
Option C, anvaya, refers to agreement in presence used in establishing vyapti and is not itself a type of inference aimed at others.

Option D:
Option D, vyatireka, indicates agreement in absence and again describes a pattern used within inference rather than the communicative use addressed in the question.