UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and D are correct and highlight the links between women’s education, fertility decline and better environmental management when women participate in decision-making. Statement C is incorrect because women’s empowerment is widely recognised as central to sustainable development and environmental governance. Hence, the combination that includes A, B and D and excludes C is the correct answer.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because, although A and B are true, it omits D which correctly points to the positive role of women in community resource management. Without D, the view of women’s contribution to sustainability is incomplete.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it selects only B and D and leaves out A. While B and D are correct, A is also true in emphasising environment-friendly practices at the household level. Excluding A means the full picture of empowerment effects is not presented.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it groups all three true statements and rejects the false claim in C. It reflects the multi-layered importance of women’s empowerment for demographic, social and environmental outcomes.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect since it includes C, which wrongly denies the connection between empowerment and sustainable development. Mixing a false statement with true ones makes the option invalid.

Statements A, C, D, E and F are correct because they reflect multi-directional links among poverty, population dynamics and environmental change, including pressure on commons, overuse for survival, role of human development, poverty traps and integrated policy responses. Statement B is false since the impact of population growth depends on consumption levels, technology and governance; it is not automatically degrading in all cases. Thus, the option that includes all true statements and excludes B is correct.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it captures both the pressures that can arise from poverty and population and the ways in which improved human development and integrated policies can moderate these pressures. It rejects simplistic views that treat population growth as the sole determinant of environmental degradation.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes B, which overgeneralises the relationship between population and environment and ignores the role of mediating factors such as institutions, technology and behaviour.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it omits F and therefore ignores the importance of policies that jointly tackle poverty and environmental sustainability, which are central to this unit.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it leaves out A, so it fails to mention high-density pressure on common property resources, one of the classic examples in the poverty–environment discussion.