UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A and B correctly describe the core purposes of ERP systems in universities, while statements C and D are false. ERP integrates multiple functional areas and automates routine tasks, improving efficiency. It is not designed primarily for entertainment, and reporting is a key feature for decision support, contradicting D. Therefore, the combination A and B only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it mentions integration of processes but ignores the examples of automation given in B. While A is true, it does not alone capture the operational benefits associated with ERP in educational institutions.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it includes both A and B, which together summarise integration and automation roles of ERP systems. It excludes C and D, which wrongly portray ERP as purely entertainment-focused and incapable of reporting. This matches real ICT usage in universities.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it adds C to A and B and treats all three as correct. Statement C is clearly false, since ERP is a serious management tool rather than a system for entertainment. Including it makes the combination invalid.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it asserts that all four statements are correct, thereby accepting both C and D. As ERP systems are central to institutional management and reporting, these two statements are wrong and invalidate the option.

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) broadens the scope of traditional project level EIA by examining environmental implications of higher level decisions such as policies and plans. It aims to integrate environmental considerations early in the decision making process. The stem explicitly contrasts assessment for policies,plans and programmes with individual projects,which defines SEA. Therefore strategic is the correct word.

Option A:
Partial environmental assessment would suggest an incomplete or limited review,rather than a particular level of application. It is not a standard term in environmental planning,so it cannot fill the blank accurately.

Option B:
Routine environmental assessment would imply everyday or standard procedures without specifying the strategic policy or plan focus mentioned in the question. It does not match the technical term.

Option C:
Strategic environmental assessment helps avoid lock in of unsustainable options by evaluating alternatives before project details are fixed. This aligns with the policy and planning orientation described in the stem.

Option D:
Experimental environmental assessment has no established meaning in mainstream practice. It might suggest pilot or trial studies but does not capture the policy and programme scope at issue.

LCA is a systematic method that traces all relevant environmental inputs and outputs associated with a product throughout its life. It considers energy and material use, emissions and waste in each stage, from resource extraction to manufacturing, distribution, use and end-of-life management. By revealing "hotspots" of impact, LCA helps designers, firms and policymakers compare alternatives and choose options with lower overall environmental burdens.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because LCA goes far beyond economic costs; it focuses on environmental impacts, although economic information can be analysed alongside it.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it captures the cradle-to-grave scope and environmental focus that define LCA.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as market share analysis belongs to marketing and business studies, not to environmental life-cycle assessment.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because assessing social reputation involves perception surveys and branding studies; it is not the primary goal of LCA tools.