UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C and E highlight key strengths and safeguards of using databases for educational administration. RDBMSs store structured records, normalisation reduces redundancy, role-based access protects confidentiality and backups with logs enable recovery. Statement D is wrong because spreadsheets are not inherently superior and can become unmanageable at scale. Statement F is also false since validation rules are specifically designed to reduce common entry errors, so the correct set excludes D and F while keeping A, B, C and E.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits E, thereby failing to recognise the importance of backup and recovery mechanisms in protecting institutional data. Even though A, B and C are true, they do not cover resilience against failures, so the combination is incomplete.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes D, which asserts that spreadsheets are always superior to database systems. Large-scale educational data management usually benefits from database features such as concurrency control and queries, so including D introduces a clear misconception.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it captures the main design and maintenance principles relevant to educational databases. It acknowledges structure, consistency, access control and recovery while rejecting simplistic claims about spreadsheets and the irrelevance of validation. This makes it the best answer.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes F while omitting A. Accepting F suggests that validation is unnecessary, which contradicts good database design practice. Leaving out A also removes the basic point about what RDBMSs store, so this option cannot be accepted.