UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

NEP 2020 acknowledges that non-governmental organisations and CSR initiatives can add value in areas such as community mobilisation, innovative pedagogy and local interventions, provided they work within national and state frameworks and do not replace government responsibility.

Option A:
Completely banning NGOs and CSR would remove potentially valuable partners who can support and complement public efforts in education.

Option B:
This option is correct because it reflects NEP’s balanced view of welcoming NGO and CSR support for innovation and pilots while keeping the public system and regulation central.

Option C:
Handing over full control of schools to NGOs would undermine public accountability and equity, which NEP does not support.

Option D:
Using CSR funds purely for marketing private companies does not serve educational goals and is inconsistent with the public-spirited expectations in the policy.

Statements A, B and C accurately describe contemporary funding arrangements. A is true because central and state grants remain the backbone of public higher education finance. B is correct as institutions often generate additional income through fees, consultancy, continuing education and philanthropic donations. C is true since CSR funds can legally be directed towards educational infrastructure and scholarships. D is false because diversification of funding is encouraged, not prohibited, to reduce sole dependence on government budgets. Thus the correct combination is A, B and C only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it recognises A and B but leaves out C, which points to an important supplementary funding avenue through CSR initiatives. Without C, the range of legitimate funding sources is understated.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes B and C and omits A, thereby ignoring the crucial role of direct government grants in sustaining public institutions. This makes the picture of funding incomplete.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it brings together all three true statements and rejects D, which misrepresents policy by claiming that diversification is prohibited. The option therefore reflects the mixed public and supplementary funding model in higher education.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it combines A and C and leaves out B. Institutional efforts such as consultancy and fee-based programmes are significant sources of income, so ignoring them does not fully capture funding patterns.