Diagonal communication cuts across both functional departments and hierarchical levels. A lab assistant contacts the registrar,who belongs to a different administrative unit and higher level. This bypasses the usual vertical chain. The stem therefore exemplifies diagonal communication.
Option A:
Upward communication would follow the chain from lab assistant to immediate supervisor and then upward,rather than directly to the registrar.
Option B:
Diagonal communication is cross-level and cross-department contact that bypasses usual hierarchy,so lab assistant β registrar fits diagonal.
Option C:
Horizontal communication would involve peers at the same level and unit.
Option D:
External communication refers to contacts with people outside the organisation,such as suppliers,which is not the case here.
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