Statements A, B, C and D correctly summarise the main dimensions of trustworthiness in qualitative research. Credibility parallels internal validity, transferability addresses applicability to other contexts, dependability focuses on consistency and confirmability stresses grounding findings in data. Statement E is false because reflexivity helps demonstrate that findings arise from participants’ perspectives rather than unexamined researcher bias. Therefore, the combination that includes A, B, C and D but excludes E is correct.
Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it leaves out D, failing to mention the role of audit trails in demonstrating confirmability. Without D, one important dimension of trustworthiness is missing.
Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits A, not explicitly acknowledging credibility as an analogue of internal validity, which is central to evaluating qualitative work.
Option C:
Option C is correct because it assembles all four positive criteria for judging trustworthiness and rejects the idea that researcher reflexivity is irrelevant. It reflects widely accepted qualitative standards.
Option D:
Option D is wrong because it includes E, the statement that denies the importance of reflexivity, and omits B, downgrading the significance of transferability. This mixture makes the combination invalid.
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