UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C and E are correct as they summarise the pillars of the Sendai Framework, the need for integration into development, local participation and ecosystem-based measures. Statement D is false because early warning without preparedness, capacity or structural measures cannot eliminate risk. Statement F is false since risk depends on the interaction of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Therefore, the correct combination is A, B, C and E only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits E and thus ignores ecosystem-based approaches like mangrove belts, which are now widely recognised in disaster risk reduction strategies.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it includes F, which wrongly states that exposure and vulnerability are irrelevant, contradicting the standard risk formula.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it excludes A and therefore does not mention the global Sendai Framework, which is an important reference for policy.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it includes the core elements of contemporary DRR thinking and rejects statements that overstate the sufficiency of warnings or treat hazards as the only determinant of risk.