UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Discount is the reduction given on the marked price, so here the discount amount is 2000 − 1800 = ₹200. The discount percentage is calculated as (Discount ÷ Marked price) × 100, giving (200 ÷ 2000) × 100 = 10%. Therefore, the discount offered on the article is 10%.

Option A:
An 8% discount on ₹2000 would be 0.08 × 2000 = ₹160, leading to a selling price of ₹1840, which does not match the given price of ₹1800. Since the actual discount is larger, 8% underestimates the reduction. Thus, this option is incorrect.

Option B:
A 10% discount exactly matches a reduction of ₹200 from ₹2000, which produces the stated selling price of ₹1800. The computation is straightforward, confirming that the discount percentage is 10%. Hence, option B is the correct choice.

Option C:
A 12% discount would be 0.12 × 2000 = ₹240, giving a selling price of ₹1760, which is lower than what is mentioned. This overestimates the discount and therefore cannot be accurate for the given data.

Option D:
A 15% discount implies 0.15 × 2000 = ₹300, resulting in a selling price of ₹1700. This is even further from the actual selling price. Therefore, 15% is clearly not the correct discount percentage in this case.

Profit is the difference between selling price and cost price, so here profit = 920 − 800 = ₹120. The profit percentage is calculated on cost price as (Profit ÷ Cost price) × 100, giving (120 ÷ 800) × 100 = 15%. Thus, the trader earns a profit of 15% on the article. This matches option A.

Option A:
Option A is correct because the calculation based on the formula yields exactly 15%. A 15% increase on ₹800 is 0.15 × 800 = 120, leading to a selling price of 920, which fits the data given. Recognising this pattern helps students quickly check their answers in profit and loss questions.

Option B:
A profit of 10% on ₹800 would be ₹80, resulting in a selling price of ₹880, which is lower than the actual selling price. This does not match the information in the problem. Hence, 10% is not the correct profit percentage.

Option C:
A profit of 12% would be 0.12 × 800 = ₹96, giving a selling price of ₹896. This is still less than ₹920 and therefore inconsistent with the stated transaction. As a result, 12% is not the right answer.

Option D:
A profit of 20% would imply 0.20 × 800 = ₹160 as profit and a selling price of ₹960, which is higher than the given selling price. Thus, 20% overestimates the gain and cannot be correct.

When partners invest for the same duration, their profit shares are proportional to their invested amounts. The ratio of A’s investment to B’s investment is 20,000 : 30,000, which simplifies to 2 : 3. The total ratio sum is 2 + 3 = 5 parts. Since the total profit is ₹25,000, each part equals 25,000 ÷ 5 = 5,000. B is entitled to 3 parts, so B’s share is 3 × 5,000 = ₹15,000.

Option A:
Option A, ₹10,000, represents 2 parts of 5,000 and would actually correspond to A’s share under the 2 : 3 ratio. Assigning it to B would reverse the intended proportions of investment.

Option B:
Option B, ₹12,000, does not fit an integer multiple of 5,000 and would imply a non-integer division in the underlying ratio. It is not compatible with the simple 2 : 3 relationship.

Option C:
Option C respects the proportional rule by matching B’s three parts in the 2 : 3 split. It ensures that A’s share is ₹10,000 and B’s share is ₹15,000, together adding up to the total profit of ₹25,000.

Option D:
Option D, ₹18,000, would leave only ₹7,000 for A, which would not maintain the 2 : 3 ratio. It distorts the relative contributions of the partners.