The very title of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act makes clear that its main purpose is to prevent and control water pollution. It establishes pollution control boards and regulatory mechanisms for this purpose. The stem refers to this 1974 legislation,so water is the correct completion.
Option A:
Air pollution is addressed in India by the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981. Although some institutions are shared with the Water Act,it is a separate law. Therefore air does not fit the specific act mentioned in the question.
Option B:
Water is the environmental medium explicitly targeted by the 1974 Act. It covers effluent standards, consent procedures and penalties for polluting water bodies. This focus matches exactly with the stem’s description.
Option C:
Noise pollution is regulated through different rules under the Environment (Protection) Act and other instruments,not primarily by the Water Act. Hence noise is not the appropriate answer here.
Option D:
Thermal pollution of water bodies is one type of water pollution but is only a subset of what the Act covers. The Act’s main thrust is broader water pollution control,so the general term water is more accurate.
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