UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statement C is the only wrong statement because industrial growth is not automatically environmentally benign; its impacts depend on regulation, technology and management. Statements A, B and D are correct: weak safeguards can cause pollution, cleaner production reduces impacts and regulations can stimulate innovation in control technologies. Thus, the correct option is the one that identifies C alone as the wrong statement.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it marks both A and C as wrong, even though A is a correct description of how poorly regulated industrialisation harms air and water. Including a true statement among wrong ones makes this combination invalid.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it treats B and C as wrong. B is in fact correct since cleaner production and efficiency are key strategies for reducing industrial environmental footprints. Grouping it with the wrong statement C cannot be accepted.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it isolates C as the only incorrect statement and leaves A, B and D acknowledged as true. It matches the requirement to select the wrong statement(s) and reflects the conditional nature of industrial impacts.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it labels A, B and C as wrong, misclassifying both A and B which are conceptually sound. This combination conflicts with the mainstream understanding of industrialisation and environment.

Rapid, unplanned urbanisation typically overloads infrastructure and services, creating high pressures on air, water and land that manifest as pollution, congestion and slum formation.

Option A:
Incorrect; air quality usually deteriorates rather than uniformly improving when urban growth is unplanned.

Option B:
Incorrect; per capita waste generation tends to increase with urban incomes and consumption, straining waste management systems.

Option C:
Correct; it summarises the typical environmental and social stresses—pollution and slum growth—associated with uncontrolled urban expansion.

Option D:
Incorrect; wetlands and green spaces are often encroached upon or degraded rather than automatically restored.