UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

A narrow base in a population pyramid means fewer children are being born, indicating low fertility. A relatively broader middle and top show higher proportions of adults and elderly. This pattern is typical of societies in later stages of demographic transition with ageing populations. Hence, the option describing declining fertility and ageing is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because high fertility would produce a wide base, not a narrow one. Many births each year create a strong young cohort.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it captures both key features: low fertility and an ageing structure. It matches the constrictive shape seen in many developed countries.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since rapid population growth with many children would again create a broad base. That shape is expanding, not constrictive.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because no real population has zero elderly; such a description ignores demographic reality. A broad top implies there are many older people, not none.