UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and C correctly highlight key issues in commercialisation and privatisation of higher education. Statement A is true because high fees in private institutions can limit access for students from low-income groups. Statement B is correct as commercialisation may alter institutional priorities towards revenue generation over public service. Statement C is also true since strong regulation is needed to safeguard quality and student rights, whereas statement D is false because privatisation does not automatically guarantee equity and quality.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it includes only A and B and omits C. Without mentioning the need for regulatory mechanisms, the response does not fully address how to manage market pressures in higher education.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it combines B and C but leaves out A. Affordability concerns are a central consequence of privatisation and commercialisation, and ignoring them makes the description incomplete.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it brings together all three statements that reflect both the risks and regulatory requirements associated with commercialisation. It excludes D, which unrealistically portrays privatisation as a universal solution to equity and quality issues. This combination therefore offers the most balanced and accurate view.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it pairs A and C and drops B. The potential shift from public service to profit-making is one of the most frequently cited critiques of commercialisation, and leaving it out weakens the analysis.