UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Climate adaptation focuses on modifying systems and behaviours to cope with the effects of climate change. Examples include building flood defences,changing crop varieties and improving health systems. The stem clearly describes adjustment to impacts,so adaptation is the correct term.

Option A:
Mitigation involves actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or enhance sinks and addresses the causes rather than the consequences of climate change. While complementary,it is conceptually distinct from the impact focused measures in the question.

Option B:
Adaptation aims to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience of societies and ecosystems. It may also enable them to benefit from new opportunities such as longer growing seasons in some regions. This emphasis on adjustment matches the stem.

Option C:
Compensation would involve payments or assistance for losses and damages due to climate change. It is a debated issue in climate negotiations but is not the term for proactive adjustment measures.

Option D:
Geoengineering refers to deliberate large scale interventions in the climate system, such as solar radiation management. It goes far beyond local or sectoral adjustments and does not fit the description in the question.