Correlational research features – UGC NET Question

Statement B is wrong because correlation alone does not establish causation; even a high correlation does not prove that one variable causes changes in another, as there may be third variables or reverse causation. Statements A, C, D and E correctly describe correlational research as examining relationships, often using large samples and correlation statistics, enabling prediction and observing variables without manipulation. Thus, B alone is the incorrect statement and must be singled out.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it treats both A and B as wrong, even though A correctly states that correlational research deals with the degree of relationship between variables. Rejecting A would deny the very definition of correlational studies.

Option B:
Option B is wrong because it groups B and C together, thereby misclassifying C, which rightly recognises the use of correlation coefficients and often large samples. Including C among wrong statements undermines a standard methodological feature.

Option C:
Option C is also incorrect because it labels several correct statements as wrong and includes B alongside A, C and E. A, C and E accurately characterise correlational research, so combining them with B in a “wrong” set is inappropriate.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it isolates B as the only flawed statement and affirms implicitly that A, C, D and E align with accepted views about correlational research and its capabilities and limits.