Formative and summative evaluation – UGC NET Question

Statement A is correct because formative evaluation is embedded within the instructional process and is primarily used to provide feedback for improvement. Statement B is correct as summative evaluation is typically administered at the end of a unit, course or programme. Statement D is also correct since summative evaluation is meant to judge the extent to which predetermined objectives have been achieved. Statement C is false because certification and grading are the main functions of summative, not formative, evaluation. Therefore the true statements are A, B and D only, making A, B and D only the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A lists A and B as correct statements but leaves out D, which accurately describes the function of summative evaluation. By omitting an additional true statement, this combination does not represent the full set of correct statements. Hence A and B only is incomplete and cannot be the right answer.

Option B:
Option B includes B and D, both of which are correct, but it omits statement A, which correctly states the nature of formative evaluation. Since A is also true, any correct combination must include it along with B and D. For this reason, B and D only is not the correct option.

Option C:
Option C joins A and C but incorrectly treats C as a true statement about formative evaluation. In reality, C confuses the role of formative evaluation with that of summative evaluation, which is mainly used for certification and grading. Because it includes a false statement, A and C only is not acceptable.

Option D:
Option D brings together statements A, B and D, all of which correctly distinguish between formative and summative evaluation. It recognises formative evaluation as feedback oriented and summative evaluation as end point and certification oriented, while correctly excluding the false statement C. Therefore A, B and D only is the logically correct combination.