Mode 2 knowledge production – UGC NET Question

Mode 2 knowledge refers to research conducted in the context of application, involving multiple disciplines and various social actors. It emphasises problem solving and practical relevance beyond traditional academic boundaries. The stem lists these characteristics, so the correct number is “2.”

Option A:
Mode 0 is not a recognised category in discussions of knowledge production and has no established meaning. Therefore, this option cannot complete the term.

Option B:
Mode 1 denotes traditional disciplinary, curiosity-driven research carried out mainly within universities. It does not highlight the transdisciplinary and socially distributed nature mentioned in the question, making this option unsuitable.

Option C:
Mode 2 captures the shift towards context-driven, application-oriented and collaborative knowledge production outlined in the stem, confirming that this option is correct.

Option D:
Mode 4 is not part of the classic Mode 1–Mode 2 typology and does not refer to the described pattern of research. Hence, this option is incorrect.