ICT based formative assessment – UGC NET Question

Formative assessment is conducted during the learning process to monitor progress and guide improvement. ICT-based quizzes that give instant feedback help students identify misconceptions and allow teachers to adjust instruction. They are low-stakes and primarily aimed at learning rather than grading. Therefore the online quizzes described in the stem are examples of formative assessment tools.

Option A:
Option A, summative, usually takes place at the end of a course or unit to judge overall achievement for certification or grading. It does not focus on ongoing feedback during learning.

Option B:
Option B, diagnostic at entry, is used before instruction begins to assess prior knowledge and is not typically repeated frequently during the teaching period.

Option C:
Option C, placement, relates to assigning learners to appropriate levels or groups based on initial abilities and is again usually done before regular teaching starts.

Option D:
Option D is correct because formative assessment emphasises continuous feedback loops, and ICT quizzes with immediate responses embody this function very well.