Informed consent requires that participants be told the purpose, procedures, risks, benefits and their rights before they decide to join a study. Their agreement must be free from coercion and based on understanding. This process protects autonomy and respects individuals’ capacity to decide. Therefore, the ethical procedure described in the stem is accurately termed informed consent.
Option A:
Anonymity means that the researcher cannot link data to specific participants’ identities. It is one form of privacy protection but does not by itself describe the process of informing and obtaining agreement. Thus, anonymity is not the best completion.
Option B:
Option B, informed consent, combines disclosure, comprehension and voluntariness. Participants can ask questions and withdraw without penalty. Because the stem focuses on providing information and securing voluntary agreement, this option precisely matches and is correct.
Option C:
Confidentiality refers to keeping participants’ data private and not disclosing their identities without permission. It is an important ethical duty but not the initial process of inviting participation with full information. Hence, confidentiality is not the right answer.
Option D:
Debriefing is carried out after participation, especially in studies involving deception, to explain the true purpose and address any concerns. It occurs after consent has been obtained and data collected. Therefore, it does not match the stem’s description.
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