Research process ordered steps – UGC NET Question

The research process refers to the systematic series of stages including problem identification, review of literature, formulation of objectives and hypotheses, design, data collection, analysis, interpretation and reporting. These stages are logically connected and help ensure that the inquiry is coherent, rigorous and replicable. Following a clear process reduces the chance of bias and improves the quality of conclusions. Thus, the ordered sequence mentioned in the stem is correctly called the research process.

Option A:
A research synopsis is a concise outline of a proposed study that highlights the problem, objectives, methodology and expected outcomes. It describes what the researcher plans to do but is itself a product, not the sequence of actions through which the study is actually executed. Hence, research synopsis is not the best completion.

Option B:
A sampling frame is a list or database of population elements from which a sample is drawn. It is an important technical tool but represents only one aspect of the overall research process rather than the whole sequence of steps. Therefore, sampling frame does not fit the stem.

Option C:
A theoretical framework is a set of concepts and propositions that provide a lens for understanding the phenomenon under investigation. It informs the design and interpretation but is not itself the series of operational steps from problem to conclusions. Consequently, theoretical framework is not the correct answer.

Option D:
The research process provides a structured path that guides novice and experienced researchers alike, ensuring that each phase builds logically on the previous one. This aligns closely with the stem’s emphasis on a logical, ordered sequence.