Structural vs nonstructural mitigation – UGC NET Question

Non-structural measures rely on policies, planning, regulations and awareness rather than physical structures. Land-use zoning keeps settlements and critical facilities away from floodplains, fault lines or landslide-prone slopes. Building codes ensure that whatever is built meets safety standards. Together they reduce exposure and vulnerability before hazards strike.

Option A:
Option A is a structural measure because it involves constructing physical defences such as embankments.

Option B:
Option B is also structural, as it strengthens physical buildings through engineering modifications.

Option C:
Option C is correct since zoning and codes are regulatory and planning tools, classic examples of non-structural mitigation.

Option D:
Option D is structural because cyclone shelters are actual buildings designed to withstand storms.