Percentage is calculated by dividing the obtained marks by the maximum marks and then multiplying by 100. Here the student’s score is 40 out of 80, so the fraction is 40 ÷ 80 = 1/2. Converting this fraction to a percentage gives (1/2) × 100 = 50%. Therefore, the student has obtained half of the total marks, which is 50%.
Option A:
Option A, 40%, would be correct if the student had scored 40 out of 100, but the total here is only 80. It fails to account for the correct denominator in the percentage calculation.
Option B:
Option B, 45%, has no direct basis in the ratio 40 : 80 and likely arises from a guess or miscalculation. It does not correspond to any simple fraction equivalent of 1/2.
Option C:
Option C, 55%, would indicate that the student scored slightly more than half, but numerically 40 is exactly half of 80, not more. Thus, it is not consistent with the actual score.
Option D:
Option D matches the exact fraction of marks obtained relative to the total. By correctly applying the formula (obtained/total) × 100, we arrive at 50%, which accurately represents the student’s performance.
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