Option B โ reinforcing important ideas so that they are more likely to be understood and remembered even in the presence of noise
Redundancy adds extra cues about the same information through repetition, paraphrasing or varied examples. If students miss part of an explanation due to distraction or noise, revisiting the concept in different ways and summarizing it gives them multiple chances to encode it correctly and retain it.
Option A:
Option A assumes that all repetition is confusing, but well-planned redundancy focusing on core ideas usually helps students master complex content rather than confuse them.
Option B:
Option B is correct because it states that redundancy reinforces key ideas and makes communication more robust against noise and forgetfulness, supporting both understanding and retention.
Option C:
Option C is misleading; redundancy supports learning but does not replace the need for active attention and engagement from students.
Option D:
Option D, preventing all questions, is neither realistic nor desirable; questions remain important even when redundancy is used effectively.
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