The catuṣkoṭi (“four corners”) lists affirmation, negation, both and neither for a single proposition. Madhyamaka philosophers like Nāgārjuna use this fourfold to show that clinging to any one alternative leads to difficulty, revealing the limitations of fixed conceptual views. Considering all four helps point toward a middle way beyond such extremes.
Option A:
Option A correctly gives the standard four alternatives: “it is,” “it is not,” “it both is and is not,” and “it neither is nor is not.”
Option B:
Option B uses epistemic attitudes like “uncertain” and “meaningless,” which do not capture the classical catuṣkoṭi structure.
Option C:
Option C restricts the fourfold to a special case about permanence and impermanence; catuṣkoṭi is more general.
Option D:
Option D recasts the alternatives in terms of scriptural versus rational authority, which is not the traditional formulation.
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