Catuṣkoṭi, or tetralemma, lays out four exhaustive possibilities regarding a statement: affirmation, denial, both and neither. Madhyamaka thinkers like Nāgārjuna use this structure to probe and deconstruct philosophical positions. By showing the difficulties that arise for each alternative, they reveal the emptiness of fixed views. The tetralemma thus functions as a powerful dialectical tool in Buddhist logic.
Option A:
Option A correctly lists the four logical options that define the catuṣkoṭi scheme.
Option B:
Option B reformulates the pattern in terms of scriptural and rational authority, which does not match the classical logical structure.
Option C:
Option C restricts the options to modes of cognition, whereas catuṣkoṭi is framed for general propositions.
Option D:
Option D uses permanence as a specific content area; catuṣkoṭi can be applied to such topics but is not defined by that single contrast.
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