Action research is a form of practitioner research carried out by teachers in their own settings. It involves identifying a problem, planning an intervention, implementing it, collecting data and reflecting on the outcomes. The primary motive is to improve local practice and empower teachers as researchers. The description in the question closely matches this cycle.
Option A:
This option refers to laboratory research, which usually focuses on controlled experiments often removed from natural classroom settings. The goal is to test theories rather than immediately solve practical teaching issues.
Option B:
This option correctly labels the process as action research. It recognizes that the teacher combines action and systematic inquiry to generate context-specific knowledge. Unlike large-scale experimental research, action research is small-scale, collaborative and directly linked to classroom improvement.
Option C:
This option describes summative evaluation of programmes, which assesses overall effectiveness after implementation. It is often conducted by external evaluators and may not involve cycles of intervention and reflection by classroom teachers.
Option D:
This option concerns analysis of educational policies at a system level. While important, it is different from the classroom-based problem-solving orientation described in the question.
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