Self plagiarism occurs when an author reuses significant portions of their own previously published work without appropriate acknowledgment or permission. Republishing the same data and findings as if they were new misleads editors, reviewers and readers about the originality of the contribution and can distort the scientific record.
Option A:
This option represents good practice rather than misconduct. When researchers properly cite their earlier work, they transparently show how the new study extends previous efforts, which is acceptable.
Option B:
This option accurately describes self plagiarism because it involves reusing one’s own published findings without disclosure. The absence of cross-referencing creates the false impression that the work is entirely new.
Option C:
Using an established method from the literature with proper citation is normal scholarly practice. Because the original author is credited, there is no plagiarism, self or otherwise.
Option D:
Publishing extended versions of conference papers is acceptable when the earlier presentation is clearly acknowledged and the journal is informed. Transparent cross-referencing means this is not self plagiarism.
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